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Directory University of Florida

Research

The SAPR lab aims to reduce sexual assault risk and risky drinking behaviors. We conduct etiological research to identify key risk and protective factors, decision constructs, and entry points for intervention; we then translate our findings into cutting-edge interventions that operate at multiple levels of the social ecological model. That is, they target individual, interpersonal, and organizational or community-level outcomes. Navigate through the links below to learn more about our current/ongoing projects and recent publications.

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Projects

SAPR Lab: The UF Mobile Apps for Safety and Health (MASH) Study

The UF Mobile Apps for Safety and Health (MASH) Study 

In collaboration with the University of New Hampshire Prevention Innovations Research Center, the UF MASH Study aims to expand the uSafeUSⓇ mobile app to integrate evidence-based, real time alcohol prevention tools. uSafeUS, currently in use on 24 college campuses across the United States, is an all-in-one tool universities can use to ensure compliance and support campus sexual assault prevention and response. The current app includes psychoeducational information and interactive, real-time sexual assault risk reduction tools. Through iterative formative research and rigorous testing, we will integrate drink tracking and real-time messaging capabilities with the goal of achieving cross-cutting prevention to reduce both sexual assault risk and risky drinking behaviors. 

Funded by the NIH/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

Sexual Communication and Consent (SCC) Adaptation for the U.S. Air Force Academy

The SCC program was originally developed by researchers from RTI International (including Dr. Scaglione prior to her time at UF) and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in partnership with leaders in the Department of the Air Force Integrated Resilience Office (DAF/A1Z) and Basic Military Training (BMT) to decrease sexual assault perpetration and victimization among BMT trainees. This evidence-informed curriculum integrates tailored technology-delivered content into a universal classroom-based training model, delivering individualized prevention content based on identified risk factors for primary victimization, revictimization, or perpetration. This project aims to adapt the SCC program curriculum to optimize its effectiveness among cadets at the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA). 

Funded by the DoD/Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP)

The Sexual Assault Leadership Training (SALT) Study

Whereas SCC trains incoming Service members at the lowest ranks, the SALT Study aims to 1) understand the sexual assault leadership training framework and structure at USAFA and 2) make recommendations for streamlining and enhancing the the leadership training curriculum. The primary goal of this work is to shift leadership training from a “response” focus to proactive unit-level prevention. This study includes the necessary formative research (e.g., comprehensive literature and curriculum review, logic model development, stakeholder interviews) to shape content and methodological recommendations for future training development and evaluation. 

Funded by the DoD/Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program (CDMRP)

The Safer Drinking Spaces Study of North Carolina (SDSSNC)

SDSSNC is a multi-level evaluation of the Bar Outreach Project–a sexual violence prevention training for bar staff, which aims to improve norms about violence and create safer environments by increasing bystander intervention behavior, revising workplace policies, and improving physical spaces (e.g., reducing dark or isolated areas within a bar). The BOP has been implemented in Asheville, NC, since 2008 by the local non-profit victim services organization Our VOICE. This study assesses the program’s readiness for rigorous evaluation and preliminary program impacts on bar staff and patrons in two NC communities (Asheville and a matched comparison). 

Funded by the CDC/National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)

An in-Depth Examination of Alcohol-involved Sexual Assault

This study used novel theoretical and methodological approaches to examine decision processes related to alcohol use, alcohol protective behavioral strategies, sexual assault protective behavioral strategies, and contextual risk factors as distinct predictors of alcohol-involved sexual assault in first-year college women, both globally (i.e., across the first semester) and at the event-level (i.e., on specific drinking occasions). Analysis of these data is ongoing, and findings have and will continue to inform the development of more comprehensive prevention tools for first-year college women. 

Funded by the NIH/NIAAA

Publications

* Indicates paper with a mentee; Bolded names are SAPR Lab members

*Grimes, K. E. L., Scaglione, N. M., Kan, M. L., Frerichs, L., Shea, C. M., & Stover, A. M. (2025). Psychometric assessment of scales used to evaluate sexual assault prevention programming in the United States Air Force. PLOSone, 20(1), e0317557. [Text]

*Rizzo, A. J., Scaglione, N. M., Kan, M., & Lowe, A. (2024). Malleable risk factors associated with boys’ patterns of interpersonal violence: A latent class analysis. Journal Interpersonal Violence, 0(0), online first. [Text]

Kan, M. L., Scaglione, N. M., Buben, A., Morgan, J. K., Grimes, K. E. L., Watson, C., Charm, S., Lowe, A., Eckhoff, R. P., Lane, M. E., Root, M. K., & Pound, L. B. (2024). Feasibility and acceptability of tailored sexual assault prevention in the U.S. Air Force. BMC: Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 10, 145. [Text]

*Goldstein, S. & Scaglione, N. M. (co-first authors), Kan, M. L., Grimes, K. E. L., Lane, M. E., Morgan, J. K., & Martin, S. L. (2024). Accuracy, acceptability, and burden of an integrated screening approach to facilitate the delivery of tailored sexual assault prevention in the U.S. Air Force. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 1-21. [Text]

*Carr, C., King, L., Maizel, J., Scaglione, N. , Stetton, N., Varnes, J., & Tomko, C. (2023). Strategies and interventions used to prevent violence against sex workers in the United States: A scoping review using the social-ecological model. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. [Text]

*Scaglione, N. M., Ward, R. M., *Buben, A., & Turrisi, R. (2023). Alcohol’s role in sexual decision-making in first-year college women: An event-level assessment. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 0 (0) . [Text]

Dora, J., Piccirillo, M., Foster, K. T., Arbeau, K., Armeli, S., Auriacombe, M., Bartholow, B., Beltz, A. M., Blumenstock, S. M., Bold, K., Bonar, E. E., Braitman, A., Carpenter, R. W., Creswell, K. G., De Hart, T., Dvorak, R. D., Emery, N., Enkema, M., Fairbairn, C. E., . . . Scaglione, N. M., …, King, K. M. (2023). The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. Psychological Bulletin, 149 (1-2), 1–24. [Text]

*Rizzo, A. J., Klein, L. B. & Scaglione, N. M. (2023). Alcohol’s role in campus sexual assault bystander behavior: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(5), 3662-3677. PMID: 36398981. [Text]

*Almog, S., Scaglione, N. M. , Cheong, J. W., Rung, J. M., Vasquez Ferreiro, A., & Berry, M. S. (2022). Spending time in nature serves as a protective factor against problematic alcohol use: A structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (20), 13356. PMCID: PMC9603149. [Text]

Eckhoff, R., Boyce, M., Watkins, R., Kan, M., Scaglione, N. M., Pound, L., & Root, M. (2022). Examining the use of mobile technology to deliver tailored sexual assault prevention in a classroom environment in the military: Development and usability study. JMIR: eHealth and mHealth, 10 (11), e41455 . PMID: 36383404. [Text]

Mallett, K. A., Turrisi, R., Reavy, R., Sell, N., Waldron, K. A., Scaglione, N. M., & Ackerman, S. D. (2022). What predicts willingness to experience negative consequences in college student drinkers? Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 83 (5), 704–711 . PMCID: PMC9523755. [Text]

Scaglione, N. M., Turrisi, R., Sell, N. M., Mallett, K. A., & Cleveland, M. J. (2022). An ecological momentary assessment of college women’s decisions to use protective behavioral strategies. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37 (15-16), NP13291-13314. PMCID: PMC9502027. [Text]

Close, C., Elek, E., Roberts, C. A., Dunlap, L. J., Graham, P. W., Scaglione, N. M., Palen, L. A. & Clarke, T. (2021). A national cost analysis of community interventions to prevent underage drinking and prescription drug misuse. Prevention Science, 22, 1071-1085 . PMID: 34047914. [Text]

Cance, J. D., Saavedra, L., Wondimu, B., Scaglione, N. M., Hairgrove, S., & Graham, P. W. (2021). Examining the relationship between social connection and opioid use: A systematic review. Substance Use & Misuse, 56 (10), 1493-1507 . PMID: 34139948. [Text]

*Scaglione, N. M., Buben, A., Williams, J. A., Cance, J. D., Elek, E., Clarke, T., & Graham, P. W. (2021). A latent class analysis of prevention approaches used to reduce community-level prescription drug misuse in adolescents and young adults. Journal of Primary Prevention, 42 (3), 279-296. PMID: 33811569. [Text]

*Hultgren, B. A., Scaglione, N. M., Buben, A., & Turrisi, R. (2020). Examining congruence between ecological momentary assessments and daily diaries of college student drinking: Implications for prevention. Addictive Behavior, 110, 106471 . PMCID: PMC7919385. [Text]

*Slavish, D., Scaglione, N. M., Hultgren, B. A., & Turrisi, R. (2019). An ecological momentary assessment of affect, mental health symptoms, and decisions to drink in first-year college women. Prevention Science, 20 (5), 753-764. PMCID: PMC6541549. [Text]

*Sell, N. M., Turrisi, R., Scaglione, N. M., Cleveland, M. J., & Mallett, K. A. (2018). Alcohol consumption and use of sexual assault and drinking protective behavioral strategies: A diary study. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 42 (1), 62-71 . PMCID: PMC5993446. [Text]

Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., Scaglione, N. M., Baker, K., Cleveland, M. J., & Florence, L. C.  (2017). A web-based intervention to reduce indoor tanning motivations in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 18 (2), 131-140 . PMCID: PMC5247320. [Text]

Reavy, R. T., Cleveland, M. J., Mallett, K. A., Scaglione, N. M., Sell, N. M., & Turrisi, R. (2016). An examination of the relationship between consequence-specific normative belief patterns and alcohol-related consequences among college students. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 40 (12), 2631-2638 . PMCID: PMC5133153. [Text]

*Sell, N. M., Turrisi, R., Scaglione, N. M., Hultgren, B. A., & Mallett, K. A. (2016). Examining the effects of drinking and interpersonal protective behaviors on unwanted sexual experiences in college women. Addictive Behaviors , 54 , 40-45. PMCID: PMC4713305. [Text]

Hillhouse, J., Turrisi, R., Cleveland, M. J., Scaglione, N. M., Baker, K., & Florence, L. C. (2016). Theory-driven longitudinal study exploring indoor tanning initiation in teens using a person-centered approach. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50 (1), 48-57 . PMCID: PMC4744106. [Text]

Mallett, K. A., Turrisi, R., Cleveland, M. J., Scaglione, N. M., Reavy, R., & Varvil-Weld, L. (2015). A dual process examination of alcohol-related consequences among first-year college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76 (6), 862-871 . PMCID: PMC4712656. [Text]

Scaglione, N. M., Mallett, K. A., Turrisi, R., Reavy, R., Cleveland, M. J., & Ackerman, S. (2015). Who will experience the most alcohol problems in college? The roles of middle and high school drinking tendencies. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39 (10), 2039-2046 . PMCID: PMC4592443. [Text]

Scaglione, N. M., Hultgren, B. A., Reavy, R., Mallett, K. A., Turrisi, R., Cleveland, M., & Sell, N. (2015). Do students use contextual protective behaviors to reduce alcohol-related sexual risk? Examination of a dual-process decision-making model. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , 29 (3), 733-743 . PMCID: PMC4589144. [Text]

*Hultgren, B. A., Scaglione, N. M., Turrisi, R., & Cleveland, M. J. (2015). Examination of a dual-process model predicting riding with drinking drivers. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 39 (6), 1075-1082 . PMCID: PMC4544716. [Text]

Mallett, K. A., Scaglione, N. M., Reavy, R., & Turrisi, R. (2015). Longitudinal patterns of alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) use among college students and their associations with risky drinking and problems. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76 (3), 389-396 . PMCID: PMC4440297. [Text]

Scaglione, N. M., Turrisi, R., Mallett, K. A., Ray, A. E., Hultgren, B., & Cleveland, M. (2014). How much does one more drink matter? Examining effects of event-level alcohol use and previous sexual victimization on sex-related consequences. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75 (2), 241-248. PMCID: PMC3965678. [Text]

Mallett, K. A., Marzell, M., Scaglione, N. M., Hultgren, B., & Turrisi, R. (2014). Are all alcohol and energy drink users the same? Examining individual variation in relation to alcohol mixed with energy drink use, risky drinking and consequences. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28 (1), 97-104. PMCID: PMC4176826. [Text]

Marzell, M., Turrisi, R., Ray, A. E., Mallett, K. A., & Scaglione, N. M. (2014). Combining alcohol and energy drinks: An examination of psychosocial constructs and alcohol outcomes among college students using a longitudinal design. Addiction Research & Theory, 22 (2), 91-97. PMCID: PMC4207644. [Text]

Varvil-Weld, L., Scaglione, N. M., Cleveland, M., Mallett, K. A., Turrisi, R., & Abar, C. (2014). Optimizing timing and dosage: Does parent type moderate the effects of variations of a parent-based intervention to reduce college student drinking? Prevention Science, 15 (1), 94-102 . PMCID: PMC3688671. [Text]  

Scaglione, N. M., Turrisi, R., Cleveland, M., Mallett, K. A., & Comer, C. (2013). Identifying theoretical predictors of alcohol use among non-college emerging adults. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74 (5), 765-769. PMID: 23948536. [Text]

Mastroleo, N. R., Scaglione, N. M., Mallett, K. A., & Turrisi, R. (2013). Can personality account for differences in drinking between college athletes and non-athletes? Examining the role of sensation seeking, risk-taking, and impulsivity. Journal of Drug Education, 43 (1) , 81-95. PMCID: PMC4625085. [Text]

Turrisi, R., Mallett, K. A., Cleveland, M., Varvil-Weld, L., Abar, C., Scaglione, N. M. & Hultgren, B. (2013). An evaluation of timing and dosage of a parent based intervention to minimize college students’ alcohol consumption. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs , 74 (1), 30-40. PMCID: PMC3517262. [Text]

Varvil-Weld, L., Turrisi, R., Scaglione, N. M., Mallett, K. A., & Ray, A. E. (2013). Parents’ and students’ reports of parenting: Which are more reliably associated with college student drinking? Addictive Behaviors, 38 (3), 1699-1703 . PMCID: PMC3558596. [Text]